- Citation signal phrases how to#
- Citation signal phrases manual#
- Citation signal phrases full#
You can use a thesaurus to find alternate words, but stay away from direct synonyms. Try to change as many of these as possible. After you've changed the structure of the original passage, go back to the source and underline all phrases in your paraphrase that are identical to the original. For example, suppose your source equates EU import rules with "trade protectionism" rather than "reasonable consumer protection." An effective paraphrase could state "EU import rules seem to benefit EU companies more than consumers.". Changing words to other words or phrases that mean the same thing help eliminate the risk of plagiarism. Once you've changed the structure, you may still have significant chunks of your writing that directly quote the source rather than paraphrasing it. Use synonyms to further distance your paraphrase from the original. For an overview of signal phrases along with some examples, visit George Mason Universitys page on Signal Phrases. 
For example, if you're writing a paper about dictatorial regimes and describe them as "Orwellian," you may want to include George Orwell's novel 1984 in your reference list, even though you never cited the novel directly. You will often want to use a signal phrase to introduce a narrative citation. In rare instances, you may need to include a source in your references that you never cited in the text of your paper. Keep things interesting for your readers by switching up the language and placement of your signal phrases.If you happen to use more than one work by the same author, list them in chronological order starting with the earliest publication date.
Citation signal phrases full#
For most common citation styles, sources are listed in alphabetical order by the first word in the full citation (usually the author's last name). X Trustworthy Source Purdue Online Writing Lab Trusted resource for writing and citation guidelines Go to source While all entries include the same basic information, the format allows anyone familiar with the style to know the type of source cited at a glance. Your citation style also requires a specific format for different types of sources. Include an entry for every source cited in your paper. Chicago-style footnotes include the same information as the full citation in the bibliography, but with slightly different formatting. You may either use the author-date format, similar to APA style, or you may have footnotes and a bibliography. The Chicago style accepts 2 different methods of in-text citation. 2: name both in signal phrase or parenthetical citation 1 st time source is cited3 to 5: name all authors in signal phrase or parenthetical citation 1 st time you cite source. 
American Psychological Association (APA) style uses an author-date format for parenthetical citations in the body of your paper. 2 or 3: name authors in a signal phrase or in the parenthetical citation (if 3, separate names by commas)4 or more: name all or only 1 st author followed by et al. If the source isn't paginated, simply leave that part out and include only the author's last name. Legal writers use citation signals to tell readers how. It is used in citations to present authorities and indicate how those authorities relate to propositions in statements. Modern Language Association (MLA) style uses an author-page number format for parenthetical citations in the body of your paper. In law, a citation or introductory signal is a set of phrases or words used to clarify the authority (or significance) of a legal citation as it relates to a proposition. You can also get formatting help from your instructor, or from research librarians. Citation signal phrases manual#
Each citation style has a manual that describes the format you should use for in-text citations. British Columbia's carbon tax.Follow the formatting guidelines for your citation style. Pricing carbon when we don't know the right price.
Citation signal phrases how to#
The value of nothing: How to reshape market society and redefine democracy. Conflicting scientific opinion and uncertainties about climate change and its possible effect are huge, making the economic argument for strict GHG reductions far from clear (Pindyck, 2013, p. This theory ignores the fact that special interest groups, such as oil companies and known industrial polluters, are vocal in their opposition to governments asking for limits to the impact of carbon taxes.
How is the price set for each tonne of gas emission? And what are the factors than influence the pricing?Īccording to Patel (2011)the theory behind carbon pricing is the assumption that the market will price it fairly. In British Columbia, our "carbon tax provides a signal across the economy to reduce emissions while encouraging sustainable economic activity and investment in low-carbon innovation" (Province of British Columbia, n.d., para. Here's a sample paragraph with in-text citations (bold is for emphasis only do not do this in your paper).
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